Velocity Specificity of Resistance Training: Actual Movement Velocity Versus Intention to Move Explosively

V elocity specificity is an important consideration when designing resistance training programs. It indicates that training adaptations (e.g., increased strength/power) are greatest at or near the training velocity (7, 17, 26). However, there exists a conflicting hypothesis that the intention to move a barbell, one’s own body, or any other object explosively is more important than the actual movement velocity in determining velocity-specific responses of the neuromuscular system to resistance training (1). In other words, it is possible to improve high-velocity strength by attempting rapid movements against heavy loads, although the actual movement velocity is slow or even isometric. Such conflicting suggestions have led to a controversy among strength and conditioning (S&C) professionals and sports scientists. The question is, “Which is more important in determining velocity-specific responses to resistance training: actual movement velocity or intention to move explosively?” The answer to this question would dictate the appropriate selection of training loads and therefore is of great interest to S&C professionals. The purpose of this article is to review the research findings that this controversy is based upon and present the implications for the appropriate selection of training loads for high-velocity strength/power development.